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I'm Jake O'Neal, creator of Animagraffs.
And this is how a Jet Airliner works.
Airframe
Let's start with the Airframe
Thousands of specially formed, damage-resistant panels are riveted or otherwise attached to
a lightweight underlying base called the airframe.
The panels and frame together make a very strong, relatively lightweight craft.
Many of these parts, especially the outer panels, are made from a carbon fiber reinforced
material, though traditional aluminum and aluminum alloys are also used.
Vertical frames underpin the cross-sectional tube shape, connected by longerons that stretch
from nose to tail.
And in between these, a vast network of stringers, intercostals, and subframes.
At the nose, the radome shields a weather radar antenna beneath while allowing specific
radio frequencies to pass through for proper functioning.
A double-layered bird strike barrier is situated behind that.
Floor beams attach to frames, and support the floor panels.
Higher grade panels are used in high traffic areas and the cockpit or flight deck, with
lower grade panels beneath passenger seating areas.
Pressure bulkheads are reinforced metal barriers that separate pressurized from non-pressurized
areas of the plane.
Humans are accustomed to about 14 psi of air pressure.
Passenger planes generally fly between 31 and 38 thousand feet above sea level, where
air pressure is a meager 4 psi or lower.
As such, most sections of the airplane are pressurized while in flight.
These areas include the flight deck and passenger areas, equipment bays, and cargo compartments.
Unpressurized areas are the radome, landing gear bays, the center wing box, and the tailcone.
The wings attach near the center of the aircraft.
A center wing box ties wing frames together with the fuselage.
The keel beam offers additional support.
A wing-to-body fairing attaches to the keel beam and a pair of external longerons, to
enclose and further strengthen this critical wing attach point.
Sturdy yet flexible spars stretch from the center wing box to the wing tip, one at the
leading edge, and one at the trailing edge of the wing.
A pylon juts out from the wing frame to support the jet engine.
Titanium links extend from wing to pylon, and tension bolts mate aluminum and titanium
plates for an incredibly strong and flexible connection.
Moving now to the rear or "aft" of the plane, we see the vertical and horizontal stabilizers
with their additional frame supports, and the tailcone, which houses the auxiliary power
unit, or APU.
Windows
Windows
The windshields and side windows are made from three layers of chemically strengthened
glass, covered with an anti-static coating.
Cabin windows maintain the structural integrity of the fuselage with a thick outer pane made
from acrylic.
There's an additional protective acrylic pane on the passenger side, with a hole and an
air gap for pressure and temperature equalization.
Doors
Doors
There are passenger doors front and rear, with corresponding service doors on